Dmitri Shostakovich (1906-1975) and Al Schnittke (1934-1998), the two most important Russian composers of the Soviet era, have a much-deserved reputation as sensitive and insightful chroniclers of the human soul's agonies and victories through times of tragedy and turmoil. Shostakovich, born in the Russian Empire 11 years before the Bolshevik revolution, came of age in the early '20s and witnessed Stalin's horrible purges (to which he lost several close friends and relatives). Schnittke's formation as a composer came in the late '50s; he was one of the children of the Khrushchev Thaw, and lived to see the breakup of the Soviet Union and the end of the Communist era.
The music of both composers, no matter how different the artistic means they employed, documents with equal power and subtlety the human ramifications of their time.
The Chamber Symphony, Op. 110a is one of the most often-performed Shostakovich works, and the Concerto for Piano and Strings is one of the few Schnittke pieces dealing with piano. Both works are like a great book, worth reading again and again.